International organisation of standards (ISO) , Standards and quality , UPSC ESE , General studies

 ISO 

• Founded on 23 feb 1947
• Head quarter in Geneva

Main objective:

• To acheive , maintain and continuously improve product quality and also improve quality of operation.

ISO member ship category

• Member body : decision making members having their own ISO standards.
• Correspondent members : no decision making , they have not their ISO.
• Subscriber member : economy poor conuntries.

Parties of ISO certificate:

• First party : a firm can audit itself .
• Second party : a customer serve as auditor.
• Third party : a certifying agency serve as auditor.

ISO 9000 : quality 

• It is a series of standard related to the quality management.
• In 1979 BSI submit a formal , proposal to ISO in Geneva , 1987 first edition of ISO 9000 was published .

ISO 9000

• It is a management methodology adopted by a company to deliver the product and services that meet the customer expectations.
• The implementation of ISO 9000 standard does not mean higher level of quality , it forces a company to ensure its customer that the product are manufactured according to standard.

Why company want ISO 9000 registration?

• Customer satisfaction
• Improved organisation management and product service quality
• Enter into global market
• Exporting internationally

Current version of ISO 9000

ISO 9000:2015 

" Not fixed tenure of revision"

• External quality management: aim at providing confidence to the purchaser that the vendor quality system will satisfy the purchaser stated quality management.

1. ISO 9001 ------ requirement
2. ISO 9002 ------ product standard and installation
3. ISO 9003 ------ final inspection and testing

• Internal quality management: aim at providing evidence that the intended quality have been achieved.

1. ISO 9004 ------ guideline

ISO 9001 standard is based on 8 principles of TQM:

Note: ISO 9002 and ISO 9003 standard are effectively subset of ISO 9001 standard because they deal with few topics.

Features of ISO 9001:

• ISO 9001 standard specify quality system requirement  for the use when a contract between two parties requires the demonstration of vendors capability to design and supply the product and services .
• ISO 9001 requires that the vendor describes its management responsibility in all aspect of vendor quality system .
• Vendor is responsible for establishing documentation and maintaining procedure forecast production handling functions such as storage , packaging and delivery.
• Vendor is responsible for establishing and maintaining procedure that identify the training needs and for providing the training to all personnel to perform activity that affect quality.
• Vendor -------- who follows ISO standards

ISO 14000 : Environment
It is the family of standard related to the environmental management.

It provide standard in three major area:

1. Management system
2. Operation system
3. Environmental system

ISO 14000

• It is published in 1992
• It is based on british standard
• It deals with how a company manage the environment inside the facility and immediate outside the facility.
• It do not mandate a particular level of pollution , it forces on the awareness of process and procedures that can affect the environment.

ISO 14001 : EMS (environment management system)

• It is the main standard of 14000 series.
• It is published in 1996
• Its current version is ISO 14001:2015

OHSAS 18000 (occupational health and safety assesment series)

• It is also an international standard
• It provide a framework to identify or control and decrease the risk associated with health and safety within the company.
• Implementing this standard if clear signal to environment that employee health and safety are principal priority within the company.
• In India , OHSAS standard is not implemented in agriculture field.