Quantum computing
- The concept of quantum computing was given by Paul been.
- Quantum computing is based on using quantum that is electron as switches.
- Electrons Pins is taken as the binary digit of 1 and 0.
- Quantum computing and classical computing are fundamentally same since both are based on the binary function of 0 and 1 only therefore all software programming languages will work in quantum computing as well.
- Protons are used to read the electron spin ,the past output and energy output is negligible. Also in quantum computing due to photon bombardments Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is followed still the data remains accurate. Power consumption in quantum computers is very less .
- Quantum computer can be easily overcome moor's law.
- Therefore adding only one electron can double the number of function in quantum computing.
- The size of supercomputers in quantum computing can be as small as as the size of watch or mobile phone only.
- Classical computing can take millions of year to read a large digit prime number while a quantum computing can read it in a microsecond only.
- Therefore in big data and internet of things quantum computing is future.
- Quantaz change their spin due to minor phenomenon also there for the data may remain inaccurate.
- The electron spin is arbitrary that is the electron can be found in all the spin at the same time.
- Quantum computing is based on using Qubit that is quantum bits therefore Qubyte is not possible since all electron positions are considered as Qubit.
- It can perform billions of function per second and even these function are such that they are variable at the rate of one by billionth of a second .for example nuclear bomb blast, missile launching, nuclear research and development, big data analysis, pharmacuticals research, drugs development.
- India's super computer development suffered after 1975 nuclear bomb blast when America put a sension on nuclear technology, nuclear fuel and supercomputer development . Therefore in 1988 CDAC was established at Pune for development of supercomputer ,therefore in 1991 India developed its first supercomputer through CDAC its name was PARAM. It was based on vector processing , in 2008 after the United nation waiver India collaborated with CRAY supercomputing of USA to develop supercomputers. Government of India launched national supercomputing mission program to develop more supercomputers.
- Under this program India will develop more than 70 supercomputers till 2030 so that these supercomputers would be connected with universities and colleges and technical institution in a grid pattern to focus on research and development .
- Under this program ,the focus is to connect more than 400 universities ,college and technical institution to focus on research and development .
- No talent of the country should be left behind.
- Quality education should be available for all. For this 400 universities colleges and institutions are connected with broadband internet connectivity and VSAT system , to provide live telecast lecture directly from IIT and IISCs.
- To focus on research and development therefore super computers are provided under national supercomputing mission program.
1. PRATYUSH
- speed 6.8 petaflops
- petaflops = 10^15 flops
- flops = floating points per second
- pratyush is kept at IITM, Indian institute of tropical metrology Pune ,it will be used for long range weather forecasting.
- MIHIR(2.8PF) is used for medium range weather forecasting and it is kept at NCMRWF Noida national centre for medium range weather forecasting ,Noida .
2.SERC-CRAY
- speed = 0.9 PF
- uses for reasearch and development
3.PARAM YUVA 2
- speed = 0.5PF
- It is used for pharmacutical research and development , it will reduce the drug development time from 20 to 30 years to 2 to 3 year only.
World's fastest supercomputer
1. SUMMIT
- It is world's fastest supercomputer focused on artificial intelligence .
- USA
- Developed by IBM
- speed = 144.8 PF
- USA
- speed = 97 PF
- China
- speed = 93PF
E education
Difference between smart education and e education
Smart education
- In it there is a traditional concept of classroom and instructor but learning takes place through smart technology such as smart board, cloud computing based content ,etc.in smart education there is is a fixed time and place for learning while in education there is no concept of classroom and instructor but learning takes place using recorded lecture on CD DVD, pendrive, website ,etc. There is no fixed time and place for learning. Example IGNOU gyan vani program ,gyan darshan programme on TV and NPTEL.
Education system in India
Primary education
Sarv shiksha abhiyan
- It was launched by our former prime minister Shri Atal Bihari vajpayee. It focused on low cost schooling 100% enrollment of children to place in these schools. Children age 16 to 14 years but later on it was found that quality of education is very poor in these schools, other program shagun was launched.
- It is made up of two words pathshala and gunvatta. It focuses on improving quality of education in sarva shiksha abhiyan schools. For this IT based tools are used for real-time assessment of these schools to focus on quality also ,it aims to improve the quality by teacher training using ICT based tools.
- The programme focuses on holistic education system. For primary and secondary school both. It will focus on high quality of education using ICT based tools, for this the objective of program is teacher and technology it focuses on using ICT based tools in teacher training colleges so that it can be used in schools.
- The program is for teachers of recognised school from 1st to 12th standard. Teachers can develop homework, course content, and books using e-basta application or website ,already more than 300 books have been developed.
- The program is an interactive application between parents of student from government school, teachers and management. Parents can check their children attendance and also for checking marks and to interact with teachers and management .
- It is to improve the quality of education in primary and secondary school using the method of self assessment ,the program is developed by a NUEPA ,national university of education planning and administration ,the program is guided by NPSSE national programme on school standard and evolution launched by MHRD .
RMSA
- This is a successful program in which selected government schools were converted into model school. These schools use ICT based tool to follow the curriculum of private school. These schools were also given autonomy and quality was found to be improved in it. It was first experiment at Chandigarh and then Andhra Pradesh.
NMEICT (National mission on education through ICT )
- It was focused on developing content for higher education ,for this it has been divided into seven programs .
- NPTEL : National programme on technology enhanced learning ,it is jointly launched by IIT is and IISC and more than 900 courses are on science ,Humanities and technology.
- E-yantra : it is robotics content development program, based on simulation .
- E-pathshala: PG content development program. It has more than 70 courses.
- E temple : it is undergraduate content development program ,has more than 300 courses.
- Cloud computing : to develop cloud computing based content, example NDL.
- Spoken-tutorial: 10 minutes audio program on use of software for education.
- FOSSC -free and open source software for education :some of the popular softwares available free of cost under FOSSC are:
- OSDAG: it is used for designing of steel structures .
- Skilab: it is jointly developed by India and France ,from India IIT Kanpur has participated. It is used for numerical computation and it is also include XCOS which is an alternative to simulink.
- Sky arduino : it is used for designing of embedded system using skilab.
- Python: it is a programming language used for multiple purposes.
- R: used for statistical computation.
- E -sim :developing by IIT Bombay ,it is used for circuit designing and simulation .
- DWSIM: used for understanding of the behaviour of chemical system .
- Open form: used to understand the behaviour of complex fluid flow .
- It is a global initiative of more than 58 countries from where 700 professor participated to develop 1120 courses and these courses were made available in India, more than 40000 students participated in it.
- Under this program the quality of teachers and professors were focused by importing training for this newly appointed teachers would be required to undergo six month training so as to improve the quality of teaching.
- The program is to improve the quality of technical education in rural and backward areas through graduates of IIT and NIT .
Our former President Shri Pranab mukherjee launched four new program for e-education.
- SWAYAM : study webs of active learning for young and aspiring minds , this program is launched under larger program called massive open online course , in which in India more than 2000 courses were developed ,these courses were kept under SWAYAM platform. In this program eminent institute such as IIT and IIM participated ,courses are made available free of cost, credit transfer is also available in these courses
- Swayam Prabha : it is 24 hours DTH (direct to home) channel through which education related content are broadcast, daily 4 hours of new content is made available through it, the channel is available free of cost.
- National digital library
- National academic depository
- Digi shala :it is a 24 hours DTH channel through which digital financial transaction related program is broadcast. It was launched after demonetisation ,the channel is available free of cost for this a satellite name the GSAT-B was launched.
- Diksha program: it is launched for teachers to learn about advance ICT tools so that it can be used in their classes enrollment for teachers is free from lifetime and teachers from recognized schools , private schools , NGO school and private institutes can also participate . Enrollment for teacher is free for lifetime .
- TKDL : traditional knowledge digital library. It is a digital library of traditional knowledge in India traditional knowledge from ayurveda , yoga , unami , sidha and homeopathi (AYUSH) are compiled on TKDL platform , its purpose is to stop unwanted patents of these traditional knowledge . It was jointly launched by CSIR and ministry of ayush . The program is available in 5 languages english , japanese , german , spanish and french.
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